Well my research paper is done and graded. So, folks here is the final, well almost. I am going to proof it again and submit it to the
IUS research journal per my professor. So if you see any errors let me know please.
Why Can’t Christians Forgive Christians
Literature Research Paper
Jesse Hall
10/15/2007
One of the principle teachings in the Christian religion is that of forgiveness. Christianity teaches that all people are born of sin (Romans 3:23). The Apostle John teaches that these sins can be forgiven, if a person will believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God (John 3:16). Many of the Christian denominations teach forgiveness as part of their doctrine and actively seek people to confess and ask forgiveness. Those people who do seek forgiveness are welcomed with open arms into the Christian family. Being unforgiving becomes a problem in the way Christians respond to fellow Christians who may have stumbled and committed a sin. They are still treated different even if they profess their guilt of that sin. Jesus teaches that believers are to forgive one another; yet many seem to gloss over this command at best or at worse ignore it (Matt. 18:22). Although God may forgive those Christians who confess their sins, some Christians refuse to. There is nothing new about this attitude and it can be seen throughout history. Literature gives us a glimpse of this problem through out time. Literature allows us to have an in-depth look at the cost of this unforgiving attitude of people. It is their unwillingness to forgive, which not only violates the very essence of the teaching on forgiveness, but causes problems to those who have committed the transgression and to innocent people as well.
One of the novels that portray the problems associated with being unable to forgive among some Christian believers is Nathanial Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorn introduces us to the lead character Mrs. Hester
Prynne. Hester is convicted of adultery and is condemned to wear a scarlet letter “A” upon on her chest for the rest of her life (173). Hawthorn describes Hester’s’ life after her conviction of adultery and the effect upon her life. He also shows how the result of the sin and the punishment effects her daughter Pearl and the Reverend
Dimmesdale. Another consequence that is brought out by Hawthorn is that of not forgiving someone and seeking revenge for the wrong which affected her husband, Roger
Chillingworth. The condemnation of Hester and the Christian leadership’s refusal to allow repentance of her sin caused the hardship that follows Hester and the other characters.
Hawthorn describes the treatment of Hester by others in the town people and the visitors of the town, due to her having to wear the scarlet letter (205). The scarlet letter “A” is the mark of Hester's great sin of adultery and is a constant reminder to all who see it (191). It is a stigma to her. Much like today, when someone makes a mistake, it characterizes them for the rest of their lives. Christian or not, the stigma sticks on the transgressor, comparable to being sprayed with the scent of a skunk. You take a bath, you are clean but the stink is still there. While there is no visible letter to mark people with their sin today, like Hester’s letter ”A”, there is a stigma that people carry with them for a long time, possibly a lifetime. Hester shares a stigma along with a young lady embroiled in an affair with a sitting President of the United States. Monica Lewinsky was a White House intern for President Bill Clinton and they had an affair while he was in office (
Fritsch). Her name is linked to President Clinton even though the affair happened while he was in the White House. Monica Lewinsky is not in the
publics’ eyes as she once was but, she is still known for her adventure with the President (
Keegan). As Herman
Gorman points this out about Hester’s letter “A”, "… is an obsession, that possesses a terrible life of its own (
Gorman 251).” This quote also fits Lewinsky as well. One has to wonder which carries the bigger problem, Hester or Monica. Hester’s stigma comes from the church, while Monica’s comes from the secular world. Should not the church be different from the world? It would appear that the stain of one’s sin stays with a person to haunt them. In the secular world this may run true, but the Christian community is told to be different that it should be a light to the world (Philippians 2:15).
The pressure of having the stigma may lead to seeking or being offered a deal to snare others that are involved in the wrong doing. This is what is given to Hester concerning her wearing of the scarlet “A”. Hester is told she will be allowed to remove the letter if she names the father of Pearl, the result of the adulteress affair (Hawthorn 176). Monica Lewinsky is offered immunity if she testifies against President Clinton to the grand jury investigating the scandal (
Fritsch). Monica eventually works out a deal to testify against President Clinton after evidence arose that she may have committed perjury (
Fritsch). Unlike Monica, Hester refuses to give the authorities the name of her accomplice (Hawthorn 176). This helps solidify her place in the town as the adulteress. One can only wonder had Monica been more like Hester what would have happened to the investigation. The threat of punishment had two different effects upon Hester and Monica. Yet, forgiveness is denied to both by the actions of the people around them.
Those involved in the wrong doing can hold onto the secret just like those who are caught, but doing so can have consequences. The Reverend
Dimmesdale conceals the secret of who the other sinner is and it eats, not only at his soul, but his body also (Hawthorn 338). He grabs his chest throughout the novel. According to Van
Doren it is “…relevant to the agony within (Van
Doren 296).” He is torn inside because of this terrible deed and it manifests in his clutching of his chest. If he were to confess, he would be looking at possible death which Hester faced as well (Hawthorn 171). The fact that he could face such a harsh sentence it forces him to remain silent. According to Van
Doren, the pain he felt was a sign of his penance for his crime (Van
Doren 296). One of the ironic things the religious leaders must have missed is the story of an adulteress who was brought before Jesus and he was asked what should be done to her. At that time death by stoning was allowed. Jesus diffused the situation by stating, “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her (John 8:7).”
Pearl, the innocent offspring of the affair, is treated different because of her mother’s station in the community and the fact she is an illegitimate child (Hawthorn 205). Her treatment can be somewhat compared to the treatment of Chelsea Clinton during the Lewinsky Scandal that enveloped her father, President Clinton. Her parents tried to protect her from the media during this time but had problems, because of their status (“Chelsea Clinton”). Pearls’ actions are scrutinized by the community like the media attempted to delve into the private life of Chelsea (Hawthorn, 205) (“Chelsea Clinton”).
Sometimes the sin or transgression that is done upon another turns into hatred and then the hatred may spill over to other generations. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet not only does the feud carry over to the next generation, but has tragic consequence because of it. The story involves two young adults that fall in love with each other. Paul
Siegal stated in an issue of Shakespeare Quarterly, "The love of Romeo and Juliet is opposed to the hate of their parents (385)." The only problem of their love for each other is the families, the
Montagues and the
Capulaets, have a hatred for each other (Shakespeare 12). The feud between the families runs deep; so much that a chance encounter on the street can lead to a fight (Shakespeare 13). Even though their families are at odds, Romeo and Juliet are in love and secretly wed. The hatred among the family is such that when a cousin of Juliet, Tybalt, meets
Mercutio, a friend of Romeo, a fight ensues. Of all the players in this chain of events, Tybalt is the one who seems to hold the most hatred for Romeo's family.
Siegal declares, "He claims his identity, as it were, as incarnation of the spirit of hatred governing the feud (386)." Even though Romeo tries to break up the fight and tell Tybalt that he holds no ill will of him. Tybalt kills
Mercutio in the fight (Shakespeare160). Romeo's attempt to diffuse the fight even as Tybalt is determined to cause one shows, according to
Siegal, the Christian thing to do (386). Then to make matters worse; Romeo, in a fit of rage, strikes back by killing Tybalt and is banished by the Prince, therefore nullifying his Christian act of forgiveness(Shakespeare161-165). Two people are dead do to a feud started by a previous generation and continued by Romeo and Tybalt. Forgiveness would have saved the life of two men at this point. Upon hearing of her cousins’ murder and her lovers’ banishment, Juliet becomes distraught. Unknowing of his daughter’s marriage to Romeo, her father gives his blessing to County Paris to marry Juliet (Shakespeare188). Eventually the chain of events leads to the suicides of both Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare 283,288). The reason for this according to
Siegal, is that the hatred between the two families caused the tragic end (385). This heartbreaking conclusion does end the feud between the families with the fathers forgiving one another and lamenting the death of Romeo and Juliet, but it is too little too late (Shakespeare297-298). Had these men and their families practiced what they were taught by the Church then the resulting deaths would not have happened. It would only take the simply act of saying I forgive you, to have been like Jesus and Romeo and Juliet would be alive.
Those Christians that refuse to forgive can take notes and learn from some non-Christians the idea of forgiving transgressions, even if one is committed against them personally. The End of the Affair written by Graham Greene shows an example of how Christians should act and follows the teachings of Jesus. The character that shows the forgiveness quality that Jesus teaches is Henry Miles. According to Maurice
Bendrix, Sara’s lover and narrator of the story, Henry has no religious belief. During the discussion of Sara's funeral, Maurice tells Henry, "(Sara)...didn't believe in anything, any more than you and I (Greene 170)”. While the Christian faith does not have a monopoly on forgiveness, a few of it members seem to forget they are called to do so by Jesus. If anything Henry had every right to be like Roger
Chillingsworth in The Scarlett Letter, bitter and vengeful. Henry also takes about two years before he realizes that Sara is having an affair with Maurice. His reaction is to beg her not to leave him and tell her of his love for her (150). The love Henry has for Sara, his wife, allows him to forgive her and Maurice Although Maurice was involved in the affair with Henry's wife, Henry asks for Maurice to move in with him (208).
It motivates them to move forward in their lives. Roger has his hatred for the Rev.
Dimmesdale and Maurice hated God and Henry. The only difference is Maurice is the lover, while Roger is the husband. Maurice in Greene’s The End of the Affair shares qualities with Roger of The Scarlett Letter in that they are driven by hatred. Roger for the Reverend
Dimmesdale and Maurice for Henry. The difference is how that hate works on them and how they treat the ones they hate. Their distinctive reactions can be described by two things, the love for the women in their life and the type of forgiveness. In The Scarlet Letter, Roger, Hester's husband, is missing for two years before he was aware of her transgression and begins to seek out the person responsible for the shame that he feels. He begins to seek his vengeance upon Reverend
Dimmesdale (Hawthorn 183). Maurice will not forgive Sara nor God for the pain he feels (Greene, 240). Maurice’s act of
vengeances is to find the reason why Sara stopped seeing him. Learning in time to forgive Henry and accepts Henry as a cherished friend (Greene, 240).
The root of forgiving someone is clearly shown in all three novels; Hester toward Reverend
Dimmesdale, Juliet towards Romeo and Sara towards God. All three had to forgive because of their love for another. Each realizes in their own way, that love make it a necessity to forgive. Although the Reverend
Dimmesdale did not come forward on a number of occasions Hester forgives him. At least twice she proclaims her forgiveness, once in the woods when they meet (Hawthorn 292). She again forgives him while he lay dying when he confesses his sin (Hawthorn 292). Juliet forgives Romeo for murdering Tybalt even though at first she was angry (Shakespeare 190). She then realizes that the right thing to do is to forgive him because she loves him. Although Sara at first blames God for things that are wrong in her life, she soon realizes that God is telling her that she is worthy of love and she soon begins to realize that and makes her peace with him (Greene 116-152, 238).
Some of the characters live a life that is similar to that of Hillary Clinton and the role she has in the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. In two interviews Senator Hillary Clinton discusses her having to forgive people, including Monica Lewinsky and her husband President Bill Clinton. Like Henry in The End of the Affair; Senator Clinton was cheated on by her husband. She also chose not to seek a divorce even though she asked herself, if she should stay married or not (Gibbs, 2003). Like Henry she has stayed with President Clinton (Greene 167). Senator Clinton can also be compared to Hester’s husband Roger
Chillingsworth in The Scarlet Letter in that she too was cheated upon and was wronged. She speaks about how it is difficult to find out President Clinton has been unfaithful. She states, “It was certainly a terrible moment for me, to be told that what he had said to me was not true (Gibbs, 2003).” What made her forgive President Clinton? One has only to look at Juliet to see the same trait that she and Senator Clinton share. It was love. They loved enough to over look the pain inflicted upon them.
Death and forgiveness is a major point in all three novels. According to the Bible, " And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment (Hebrews 9:27).” If a Christian truly believes that we are to be judged upon our death for our actions in this life; then one must wonder how they will defend their unforgiving spirit to God on Judgment day. Many Christians past and present need to learn that if they believe they are forgiven then they too should forgive. This includes a person who offends them and may not always be sorry. Senator Clinton stated it best, “It is both hard to forgive and ask for forgiveness there’s a reason it is talked about in the Bible. It is really hard. It is hard for people to let go of legitimate hurts and slights and disappointments (
Luo).” I may not agree with Senator
Clintons’ political views, but on spiritual side we seem to have a lot in common. It is hard to forgive when you’re in pain, but it better for all involved to do so. Waiting till after a death and then making an attempt to forgive, makes it difficult to feel as if the matter is resolved.
In conclusion, the act of forgiveness is a fundamental stone for the Christian faith and should be practiced at every turn, no matter the transgression. Having practiced the act of forgiveness and having received it myself, I know firsthand the benefits. Forgiving someone is not the easiest thing to do and is harder to accomplish in proportion to the amount of hurt one has afflicted on the other. There is not an exception mentioned in the Bible that allows one to hold on to the hurt and anger toward another. Forgetting is even harder to do, but should be tried. After all the meaning of Christianity means to follow Christ or be Christ like and according to the Bible Jesus takes our sin and "throws it as far from the east as is to the west (Psalms 103:12)".
Jesus not only taught forgiveness but led by example. Sometimes Christians have to forgive Christians. If they, Christians who seem to want to hold on to a grudge, would take care of their own backyard then maybe their light can shine and be a witness to the entire world. A recent poem that I ran across pointed something that most Christians never consider. It is called "The Feet of Judas” and it highlights what kind of forgiveness one should have. Judas’ betrayal leads eventually to the crucifixion of Jesus. Jesus washes the feet of all his disciples including Judas. In the poem it states "Christ washed the feet of Judas! / And so ineffable his love 'twas meet, / That pity fill his forgiving heart/ And tenderly to wash the traitor's feet/ Who in his Lord had basely sold his part (McClellan 11-15).” If Jesus is the son of God and God knows all, then it can be induced that he knew what Judas would do and in scripture it indicates he does. This simple act speaks of the forgiveness all proclaimed Christians should follow. One of the last things Jesus said while he was on the cross was, “…Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. (Luke 23:34)” Should not all who profess to be Christians ask that for their fellow Christians?
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